Astronomy and astrophysics majors are equivalent careers that might go in more or less depth in physics and math depending on the university. As the name says, astrophysics would have a good deal of physics included in the curriculum.
However, many universities offer graduate degrees in Astronomy that are equally full in physics. It is important to investigate the courses offered by the university in order to determine if these are what you think.
What is Astronomy?
Astronomy is the study of our universe via observations of objects beyond the earth. These objects include our solar system, the stars near and far, the study of the Milki Way and other galaxies, etc. Astronomers use observations with different telescopes, detectors, and filters to get clues about what is going on in these objects.
They also have a broad knowledge of chemistry that helps them make inferences about the origin of the observed light, the composition of the gas emitting or absorbing it, its dynamics and distribution, etc.
Typically, these observations are compared with observations made by other astronomers or with theoretical models, usually developed by an astrophysicist, to confirm or explain the observed phenomena.
What is Astrophysics?
Astrophysics looks to explain every astronomical object in our universe using mainly the principles of physics and chemistry. Among the most interesting areas of study, we have the birth, growth, and death of stars, planet formation, and evolution, nebulae, galaxy formation, morphology and dynamics, black holes, the origin of our Universe, etc.
During their career, astrophysicists might or might not make observations. In general, their career is spent creating computational or physical models, based on the laws of physics and knowledge in chemistry, to explain observations made by astronomers.
Astronomers and astrophysicists, usually select one of the many possible areas of astronomical research and dedicate most of their careers to their study. Taking all the needed observations to explain a phenomenon can be time-consuming.
Furthermore, developing models that explain it can be quite complex and take considerable time. Finally, most astronomers are usually involved in other activities like teaching or supporting functional work for their institutions, leaving less time for pure research.